Tulsa Race Riots Essay Example For Students

Tulsa Race Riots Essay Tulsa Race RiotThe Tulsa race revolt changed the course of American history by effectively communicating African American perspectives on racial domination. Before the occasions of the Tulsa race revolt African Americans saw the white network assuming control over equity. Dark residents of Tulsa faced this kind of white horde. This escaladed into the Tulsa race revolt. The Tulsa race mob and its belongings weighed intensely upon the African Americans of this time. The primary occasion was with the Industrial Workers of World (IWW), where they were accused by Tulsans in besieging the place of a well off oilman. It started on October 29, 1917, when the home of a rich oilman was besieged in Tulsa. There were little pieces of information to be found yet as Scott Ellsworth reports in his book Death in a Promised Land, The papers were directing the fault toward the IWW(25). The secretary of the IWW would have been the spokes individual for the twelve individuals from the IWW in court, with the allegation of besieging the place of a rich oilman. Ellsworth reports:The preliminary was brought to a fast end. Not exclusively judged Evans see the twelve as liable, fine them $100 each, and submitted them to imprison, however five individuals in the court who had filled in as observers for the barrier captured. The police were then taught to move the seventeen detainees that night to the region jail(30). The cops accompanied the seventeen men into vehicles and took them to the region prison, however in transit they were ended by a gathering of outfitted men, which called themselves Knights of Liberty. Knights of Liberty removed the seventeen men from the vehicle and attached them to the tree. As Ellsworth reports, They were cleaned on their back and afterward hot tar and quills were then applied to the bloodied backs of the seventeen men (30). The subsequent occasion, which demonstrated that white Tulsans were antagonistic before the Tulsa Race Riot, was when Roy Belton murdered Homer Nida a taxi vehicle drive. On August 21, 1920, Nida was driving two white men and one white lady to a move in Red Fork. While driving Nida notice something surprising about his traveler. Not long before Red Fork, as Scott Ellsworth composes that Nida was clubbed on the head by on of the men with a pistol (30). They got outside of Red Fork were Nida was then shot in the stomach by one of the men in the vehicle. Roy Belton a white previous phone organizati on specialist took a ride from Tulsa to Nowata; another traveler read so anyone might hear the papers records of the wrongdoing. As Ellsworth says, Belton commented that he knew who the lady was in the Nidas taxi (30). He was then captured for shooting Homer Nida. When Belton was in the town hall, thousand of white residents of Tulsa hung tight outside for Belton with the goal that equity could be server for the murder of Homer Nida. When Belton came out of the town hall spectators cheered as his captors yelled, We got him young men. Weve got him. Belton was then taken to the Jenks street were he at that point was lynched by the white horde. We will compose a custom paper on Tulsa Race Riots explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Racial domination in Tulsa during 1917 to 1921 was taking off, white resident of Tulsa thought with occasions of besieging a rich oilman home to the slaughtering of a taxi driver that they ought to have go rogue. African Americans were alarmed in the white residents activities. African Americans felt that they would not get equivalent equity with the law, so African Americans needed to stand together against racial domination and challenge their power. Which leads into the occasions that beginning of the Tulsa race revolt. Dick Rowland function as a shoe shiner on Main Street. There were no latrine offices for the boot shiners, so the proprietor of the sparkle parlor where Rowland worked orchestrated the representatives to utilize the bathroom over the road on the highest floor. So the morning of May 31, 1921 Rowland went over the road to us the restroom. Dick Rowland got onto the lift to go to the highest floor of the structure. Minutes after the fact the youngster came up short on the lift with scratches on her hands, yet later many white Tulsans asserted that Rowland had assault the more youthful woman. With these cases from the whites residents of Tulsa, African Americans got afraid for what would happen to Dick Rowland. Bits of gossip were circumventing that a white mod was heading off to the town hall to hang Dick Rowland. As the magazine article The Crusader reports, The white horde conformed to the town hall where Dick Rowland was bound, with the acknowledged motivation behind lynching the Negro detainee, a merciless test was tossed directly into the essence of the Negro populace of Tulsa. What's more, Tulsa Negroes took up the gaggle. A collection of twenty-five shaded men moved to the town hall to secure Rowland and to maintain the lawfulness (5). The Negros of Tulsa were going to challenge the whites residents of Tulsa with the goal that Dick Rowland would get a reasonable preliminary, however it likewise indicated that African Americans were standin g firm again racial domination. The New York Time gives another article giving more proof that: The Negroes who assembled to guard the Tulsa prison against assault by the white horde, and to protect a detainee kept in that prison against the deadly expectations of white hooligans out for a lynching honey bee were not these Negroes acting for sake of lawfulness, and with regards to the detainees Constitutional right to a lawful preliminary by his friends and with fair treatment of law (21). The white saw that the African American residents were better outfitted, so as The Crusader reports, Armed hordes of whites currently broke into home improvement shops and second hand stores, taking weapons and ammo (5).This is the place the white crowds were getting unfriendly, they had more men and they were intensely furnished. At that point a white man moved toward an African American male and endeavored to remove his weapon from him. Shots were then discharged which began the June 1, 1921 Tul sa race revolt, the biggest race revolt that this country has ever observed. As a CNN article wrights, Truckloads of whites set discharge and shot African Americans without hesitation (n.pag.). Numerous papers announced saying fire fighter who reacted to the alert, were fended off. As a report for The Crusader, fire fighters made no endeavor to battle the flares in the Negro area, yet rather took up a position halfway between the Negro and the white locale that would empower them to battle the spread of the blazes to the white district(21). There have been some onlooker accounts that whites were flying planes The Black Wall Street or Little Africa which were the names given to the Greenwood locale of Tulsa, laid in ruins from the white mobs.As the Tulsa Tribune gives an account of the next days of the Tulsa race revolt, that the Nation Guardsmen under order of Adjutant General Barrett watching the Negro segment, presently a seething mass of darkened vestiges, at 2:30 this evening an d with the city under military law, , which incurred significant damage of nine white men and young men, 68 Negroes (1A). After the race revolt African Americans were placed into camps so they would not cause another upraising. With the entirety of this data, it doesn't show that white residents of Tulsa did anything incorrectly. African Americans were to blame with this uprising, even the Major of Tulsa to the Commissioners states, Let the fault for this Negro uprising lie right where it has a place on the furnished Negroes (n.pag.). This unmistakable proof shows that the racial oppression in Tulsa was tremendous. White Tulsans had pulled off a wrongdoings of homicide and property harm. The Independent and Weekly Review reports that a property loss of over $1,500,000, the total pulverization of the Negro fasteners of Tulsa Oklahoma (646). There is no unmistakable proof on what number of individuals bite the dust in the Tulsa race revolt as well. For the magazine Economist it expres sed with its onlooker records of dead bodies stacked like cordwood against a fence, and hurled by the handfuls into the Arkansas River (29). There were likewise numerous unmark mass grave sights were dead bodies were covered. In every single African American were captured and placed into camps, while white residents of Tulsa were legend for securing the city. .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .postImageUrl , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:hover , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:visited , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:active { border:0!important; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:active , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:hover

Occupational Therapy Essays - Computer Keyboards, Keyboard Layout

Word related Therapy We are a gathering of word related advisors and another customer has gone to our office with the accompanying case history: Wear is a multi year-old beginner writer. He has a few of his sonnets distributed in the neighborhood paper however has not yet been acknowledged by any artistic diaries. A quarter of a year prior, Don had a cerebellar cerebrovascular mishap that has given him huge fine engine control restrictions. He can't hold a pencil or a pen, and when one is taped in his grasp, he can not create unmistakable printing. He can arrive at a scope of almost 5 feet from side to side however can't get a 1-inch solid shape from the table. When requested to utilize a console, he is as prone to strike two keys from the objective as the key he is focusing on. He can put his finger dependably into a square that is 2 creeps on a side any place it is situated inside his range. He can't precisely put his finger into a square that is 1.5 crawls on a side, in any case, except if it is found legitimately before him (Anson, 1997, p. 104). Wear is baffled by his condition and needs some help to proceed with his composition. We utilized the choice tree to assess which PC adjustment would be best for Don. We verified that Don has physical confinements to the PC yet has full scope of the console. Because of his difficulty focusing on explicit keys, it would be progressively hard to at the same time press more than one key without a moment's delay. The customer has visit incidental keystrokes due to the size of the little keys. His failure to strike a solitary key on request drove us to extended scope of movement. Having surveyed that Don could strike bigger keys precisely; we arrived at the option of extended consoles. After investigating extended consoles, we found an incredible assortment in what every console advertised. The 32 key format with 2.5-inch keys didn't give a satisfactory determination to Dons composing needs. The vast majority of the standard extended consoles with 128 keys just have 1.5-inch keys. A few models are Key Largo and Unicorn Expanded consoles. Key Largo is an extended console, which works through Discover KENX. It is helpful for one with coordination issues. Unicorn Expanded console built up the standard 128 key extended console plan. We had the chance (in A.T. lab) to attempt to analyze the diverse extended consoles. We valued that a customer with trouble arriving at little keys would discover these consoles increasingly advantageous. All consoles require an encoder, which deciphers the key. At the point when squeezed it changes over it to a console code, that the PC could comprehend. A few PCs accompany an implicit encoder and some without. These consoles with encoders can be associated straightforwardly to the console port of the PC. Along these lines no inner adjustment is required for the PC and it doesnt meddle with any product in the PC. This is valuable since it tends to be utilized with any working framework and programming the customer may require. A detriment to this is the console codes are not promptly versatile. This implies the console design is fixed and cant be changed by the clinician. Another thought is that this console can not be associated at the same time with the standard console. Since stopping and unplugging the console isn't suggested, this choice is more qualified for a customer who might be the sole client of the PC. Extended consoles that don't have the worked in encoder, require an outer gadget that would decipher the codes to the PC. Despite the fact that this console has the hindrance of an outer gadget, it offers adaptability in the console design and takes into consideration different overlays that change the format. A case of the last is the Key Largo console referenced previously. The issue with 1.5-inch keys is the customers powerlessness to precisely arrive at a key of that size except if the console is situated directly before him. A choice is position the customer before the PC with the console mounted close enough for him to get to. In spite of the fact that this option was a chance we wanted to discover

Post-Valentine Blog Roundup

Post-Valentine Blog Roundup Valentine cards? Check. Expensive jewelry? Check. Yummy chocolate? Check. Dating? Check. A wedding engagement? Check. A little bit of class? Check. And a serenade? Check! Thanks to our secret admirers, the Admissions Office received a wonderful serenade from the beautiful and talented Muses. Left: The Muses serenade us, as Stu, Edmund, Jenny and Amy look on. Right: Mari and Gisele watch the serenade. Also related to Valentines Day: did you know that those little candy hearts with sayings on them (e.g. Be Mine, Sweet Talk, and, yes, Email me), until 2002 were made at the Cambridge headquarters of NECCO (the New England Confectionery Company), right next to MITs Random Hall dormitory? Ah, many of my finest memories of walking to class in the morning from my dorm were on days when the wind was blowing just right so that youd get a sweet candy smell the entire stroll. Actually, Cambridge was once the center of Americas candy universe, with 32 candy factories (including those for Tootsie Roll, Necco Wafers, and Squirrel Nut Zippers) in the city. Sadly, many of those have moved; NECCO moved to a nearby Boston suburb several years back (its site is now home to Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, so while the sweet toothed students are sad, those looking for even more in the way of biomedical internships are quite happy). Tootsie Roll, however, is still made just off MITs campus , and it is a nice treat to smell their candy goodness while walking the streets of our fair city. Hope you had a happy Valentines Day!

The Color Purple by Alice Walker (Book) Free Essay Example, 1500 words

According to Russell, children who are victims of incestuous rape by their fathers are â€Å"prone to sexual abuse by husbands and others†¦. perhaps because they tended to be frightened by men and sexually skewed† (159). In the movie, Albert wanted to marry the more attractive sister Nettie but was given Celie instead. This frustration mixed with the fact that Celie had no means to defend herself further bolstered Albert’s resolve to punish his wife. Ignorance and lack of education were also factors to the vulnerability of Celie to criminal victimization. According to Schurink, the wife’s poverty and ignorance contribute to the wife’s dependency on the husband and the setting up of a â€Å"relationship of superior and subordinate†¦. .this dependency results from low self-esteem, a lack of self-worth and feelings of guilt. The women actually feel that they deserve such treatment† (237). Celie was hopelessly mired in this situation until N ettie taught her how to read and write and educated her to some degree. Sofia’s (played by Oprah Winfrey) spirited fighting stance and refusal to be cowed and victimized by men, black or white, further opened her mind to the possibility of liberation and independence. We will write a custom essay sample on The Color Purple by Alice Walker (Book) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Finally the advent of Shug Avery (played by Margaret Avery), a jazz singer who was Albert’s real love completed Celie’s intellectual liberation for Shug taught her self-respect, self-worth and inculcated in her mind that she is a person with pride and dignity. Shug even 3 taught her how to love although the movie, unlike the novel, downplayed this lesbian relationship. Celie was able to rise up, pick up the pieces and erase all the decades of trauma from child molestation, incestuous rape and spouse abuse because these three women stood as her core group of support. According to Schurink, this support is essential for a woman â€Å"to enable her to work successfully through the trauma caused by the crime† (474). There have been studies carried to pinpoint the victim’s role in the commission of the crime. There is a theory of victim precipitation which means that the victim could be a contributing factor to her successive victimization (Von Hentig). While Celie did nothing to precipitate the physical, sexual and emotional abuse perpetrated against her and thus qualify her as a â€Å"completely innocent victm† (Mendelsohn), still Celie’s ignorance, naivete and simplicity invited abuse from her husband because such placed her on the level of a doormat.

Assessment of Into the Wild Essay - 828 Words

Assessment of Into the Wild Although precisely on target in his assessment of Chris McCandless being in touch with the bare-bones essence of nature, Gordon Youngs preceding description of Chris should be rephrased: A profoundly Un-American figure, uncompromising in his approach and thoroughly optimistic about the future. For Chris McCandless did not set out to show or prove his American character. Neither does he approve or want to exemplify a true modern American character, because true American character does not seek solitude, preferring the saddle to the streetcar, or the star-sprinkled sky to a roof, or, especially, the obscure and difficult trail, leading into the unknown, to any paved highway and the deep place of†¦show more content†¦If one cannot find an identity--his true self-- here, he will never find it. It is an interesting concept, nature and freedom. For nature allows us to escape from our time--our societal-imposed schedule, our time clock and switch to natures clock--an interesting concept, for, if anything, it restricts us in many different ways: sundown signifies sleep and cold, rain shows us unavoidable wetness and misery, and dawn is a time of awakening. Thus, in some ways, it is a restriction. Spiritually, however, it is a freedom through connection with nature--going at natures pace, at a NATURAL pace, not at our own artificially-created, societal-imposed pace. Nature also signifies another sort of intellectual freedom: the freedom to be yourself, the freedom from having to play a role. 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It should be understood however, that no two p lans would be the same especially based on the region whereRead MoreGATT Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesis a risk or not, the assessment procedures needed to take place as required in Article 5 of the SPS: â€Å"an assessment, as appropriate to the circumstances, of the risks to human, animal or plant life or health, taking into account risk assessment techniques developed by the relevant international organizations ....†. For instance, the Appellate body of WTO in the EC Beef Hormones case has held on risk assessment that: - The risk must be proven, not theoretical - Assessment may go beyond controlledRead MorePharmaceutical Drugs1338 Words   |  6 Pagesvertebrates such as causing a high incidence of intersexuality to wild fishes and reduced growth in amphibians. Assessing potential adverse environmental effects of different pharmaceuticals Numerous classes of pharmaceutical compound such as analgesic, antidepressant, contraceptive, antibiotic, steroids, and hormones were found in water samples (Patneedi et al. 2015). A study done by Sanderson et al. (2004b) used the hazard quotient (HQ) assessment, which is the ratio calculated using the potential exposureRead MoreEvaluate The Impact Technological Changes Have Had On The Economics Of Health Care868 Words   |  3 PagesTwo of the most disruptive in terms of re-ordering capital expense (CAPEX) spending are cloud computings impact on medical records management (Corredor, Martà ­nez, Familiar, 2011) and telemedicine administered remotely over the Internet (Johansson, Wild, 2010). The economics of healthcare are being changed both structurally and at the patient experience level, which together are re-ordering the entire value chain of healthcare service delivery and monitoring. 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My Extended Family Free Essays

It seems like yesterday all the kids where little and needed me all the time. Now Francesca is married, with children, Kaitlin is living on her own with her daughter, and JJ and April live with them. I feel like it was only the other day we were all crowding around the dinner table having a nice family meal, while John their father was off who knows where, drunk, high, spending money he didn’t really have to even spend. We will write a custom essay sample on My Extended Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now I stop and think how these kids ever made it all these years before without us. Us being myself and their uncle Scott, we had been together five years by then and I knew this was the beginning of something wonderful. If only I had known how much it would affect and change my life and theirs. I guess it happened gradually, the kids coming over for dinner, needing winter clothes, taking showers at my house and I always wondered where their father was. Then I found out, John was an alcoholic, drug addict who somehow had custody of these wonderful kids. I guess, I should have known how bad it was by how the kids acted but I didn’t. I hadn’t known abuse like that, I was from a place where we had parents and had dinner together, not 14 year old Frankie (Francesca) going into the bar and dragging her father out, which ended up being the event that finally caused me to go and file for full custody of these kids. It was the best choice I could have ever made. I remember filing the papers and thinking , I am either going to get an irate phone call from John acting like he cares, telling me I will never win, or he will say nothing and I will end up with these wonderful kids as my own. As I sat there in the court building filing the papers it occurred to me just how much help and love and parenting these kids where going to need and how happy I was to do it. But I should of known that the happiness was not going to last. It appeared to be a normal day August 18, 2009, the kids had just finished dinner, the older girls where going out and I just settled down after putting my boys to bed when the phone rang. It was Patty, the kid’s grandma and the other rock in their lives. She was hysterical, something was wrong with grandpa and Scott had to get over there right away. I remember calling the kids and telling them to come home, anxiously awaiting word on grandpa’s condition, when I received the worst call ever. I know I turned around at the eyes of these kids who had endured so much already. Ready to crush there world as they knew, if only I had known what was to come, perhaps I could of , nothing, there was nothing I could of done and I need to deal with that. I looked at them and said, â€Å"Grandpa, didn’t make it, I am so sorry guys,† everyone just broke down, not sure what to say or do I did what I thought I could which was just be there, holding them as tight as I could. The rest of the next week was a blur. I thought it could not get any worse for these kids, thinking back to how their mother left all those years ago, never looking back, JJ was only 3 years old then now turning 13 almost a man, I thought, how much more can these kids suffer. If only I had known. It’s been about a week since Grandpa had passed, no one was really grieving the stress was so high, and of course it made John do more drugs, drink more alcohol and be less of a parent than he was before. Then the final blow came or what I presumed to be the final blow. It was just over a week after grandpa passed, when the phone rang, a little after midnight, it was John, Patty, who was the kid’s grandma and wife of grandpa, had a stroke and had passed. It was like what, no way, how much can this family handle at one time. I remember thinking these kids are never going to be able to handle this, how as a family can we overcome this too. Who was going to help me the way she did with the kids, yes they lived with me but she was my rock. Now my rock was gone, my family never really supported what I was doing anyway so now , it was just me and Scott fighting to keep together a family that so desperately needed it. To lose both their grandparents less than two weeks apart, to lose my mother in law and father in law that way was so hard to handle for me as an adult. Let alone these kids who I know have gone through so much. We made it through though it was hard, tough, a mountain to climb, but we did it, and we came out better and stronger than before. Things were finally looking up for all of us. John was finally trying to get his life on track, maybe too late in my eyes, but it was the effort that counted right. Now it’s been a year since Grandpa and Grandma had passed, the kids where doing great, Frankie just graduated college, JJ and April with the best attendance and averages they have ever had. John working on a relationship with the kids, of course he fail like I knew he would, his effort was a joke in my eyes but to the kids it was what they could get. Of course they loved him he was there â€Å"father† but I just didn’t want to see them get hurt anymore than they already where by him and life. He gets arrested for Felony assault on two woman that where doing nothing but having a good time. I heard the charges and new, no matter what this was finally what was best for all of us. The trial and everything else seemed to fly by, b before we knew it john was being sentenced to five years in prison and we all felt like we could finally just be a family. It was a relief to know he could no longer hurt or guilt any of them into feeling sorry for him anymore. Now, its two years later, and I see, how beautiful these kids are, how great of parents they are and I know that’s because of what I had the courage to do, to love these kids no matter what and be there for them, when everyone else failed them. I would like to say I changed them, but in all actuality they changed me, into the mother I am today. I would not change any of it for a second. Those kids are my family and like my sons and daughters and they always will be. They are forever my extended wonderful, goofy, silly never change anything family. How to cite My Extended Family, Essay examples

Zak Brooks Essays (536 words) - Writing, Composition,

Zak Brooks James J. Is the Writing Process Useless? 10:00 28 September 2017 Is The Writing Process Useless? Some writers might be better off without the writing process, but that is not the case for many students. Some students never use the writing process in high school, and that can make students fail their first college paper. Students can learn too efficiently organize paragraphs in their essays and use more details when appropriate, their word choice will mature throughout the semester. The writing process allows for added time to thoroughly scrutinize their work multiple times, have other students read their essays, visit the professor's office, and add more detail. The writing process allows students to add to the overall quality of their academic writing. The prewriting and drafting are arguably the most important stages of the writing process. A key aspect to writing a good paper is for students to actually spend time brainstorming to come up with a baseline idea for their paper and what topics they want to cover. Once they have some topics decided the student should work to prepare an outline that uses the topics they came up with to lay out the design of their paper with all the supporting details in place. Once a student has created their outline they have completed a big step of the process now they just need to put it all together into a coherent paper. With a proper outline, it makes writing the rough draft a much less daunting task because the student doesn't have to come up with the ideas while writing the draft. Throughout writing the rough draft they can make changes as they go if something sounds better or add and take out details where necessary. Once the student finishes their rough draft they should then move on to the final two stages in the writing process. After a student has a completed their rough draft they should move onto editing and publishing, the last two stages of the writing process. The student should first reread their own paper to ensure that they have covered all the necessary points and that there's not any major mistakes. A big help for many student's papers is to get them proofread by another person, this could be someone in class, a friend, or they can take it to the writing center. Once the student has found and corrected all the necessary errors then they can go back and make changes to their rough draft to make a finished final copy to turn in. Once the student is finished with the final draft they should reread it one final to ensure no errors were made when typing. If they are satisfied with the paper this is when they will submit the final copy to the professor. When used in academic writing, the writing process is not useless, but rather advantageous for many students in the quality of their papers. Therefore, once students learn the writing process and take it to heart they can transform as writers. Learning the writing process will encourage students to write and revise over weeks instead of hours. Just by learning the writing process many students can make great improvements in their writing.

Factors That Affect the Chemical Reaction Rate

Factors That Affect the Chemical Reaction Rate Its useful to be able to predict whether an action will affect the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds. Several factors can influence the chemical reaction rate. In general, a factor that increases the number of collisions between particles will increase the reaction rate and a factor that decreases the number of collisions between particles will decrease the chemical reaction rate. Concentration of Reactants A higher concentration of reactants leads to more effective collisions per unit time, which leads to an increased reaction rate (except for zero-order reactions.) Similarly, a higher concentration of products tends to be associated with a lower reaction rate. Use the partial pressure of reactants in a gaseous state as a measure of their concentration. Temperature Usually, an increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in the reaction rate. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of a system, so higher temperature implies higher average kinetic energy of molecules and more collisions per unit time. A general rule for most (not all) chemical reactions is that the rate at which the reaction proceeds will approximately double for each 10Â °C increase in temperature. Once the temperature reaches a certain point, some of the chemical species may be altered (e.g., denaturing of proteins) and the chemical reaction will slow or stop. Medium or State of Matter The rate of a chemical reaction depends on the medium in which the reaction occurs. It may make a difference whether a medium is aqueous or organic; polar or nonpolar; or liquid, solid, or gaseous. Reactions involving liquids and especially solids depend on the available surface area. For solids, the shape and size of the reactants make a big difference in the reaction rate. Presence of Catalysts and Competitors Catalysts (e.g., enzymes) lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction and increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Catalysts work by increasing the frequency of collisions between reactants, altering the orientation of reactants so that more collisions are effective, reducing intramolecular bonding within reactant molecules, or donating electron density to the reactants. The presence of a catalyst helps a reaction to proceed more quickly to equilibrium. Aside from catalysts, other chemical species can affect a reaction. The quantity of hydrogen ions (the pH of aqueous solutions) can alter a reaction rate. Other chemical species may compete for a reactant or alter orientation, bonding, electron density, etc., thereby decreasing the rate of a reaction. Pressure Increasing the pressure of a reaction improves the likelihood reactants will interact with each other, thus increasing the rate of the reaction. As you would expect, this factor is important for reactions involving gases, and not a significant factor with liquids and solids. Mixing Mixing reactants increases their ability to interact, thus increasing the rate of a chemical reaction. Summary of Factors The chart below is a summary of the main factors that influence the reaction rate. There is typically a maximum effect, after which changing a factor will have no effect or will slow a reaction. For example, increasing temperature past a certain point may denature reactants or cause them to undergo a completely different chemical reaction. Factor Affect on Reaction Rate temperature increasing temperature increases reaction rate pressure increasing pressure increases reaction rate concentration in a solution, increasing the amount of reactants increases the reaction rate state of matter gases react more readily than liquids, which react more readily than solids catalysts a catalyst lowers activation energy, increasing reaction rate mixing mixing reactants improves reaction rate

Anatomy of the Cerebellum and its Function

Anatomy of the Cerebellum and its Function In Latin, the word cerebellum means little brain. The cerebellum is the area of the hindbrain that controls movement coordination, balance, equilibrium and muscle tone. Like the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum is comprised of white matter and a thin, outer layer of densely folded gray matter. The folded outer layer of the cerebellum (cerebellar cortex) has smaller and more compact folds than those of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum contains hundreds of millions of neurons for processing data. It relays information between body muscles and areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in motor control. Cerebellum Lobes The cerebellum can be subdivided into three lobes that coordinate information received from the spinal cord and from different areas of the brain. The anterior lobe receives input primarily from the spinal cord. The posterior lobe receives input primarily from the brainstem and cerebral cortex. The flocculonodular lobe receives input from the cranial nuclei of the vestibular nerve. The vestibular nerve is a component of the vestibulocochlear cranial nerve. The transmission of nerve input and output signals from the cerebellum occurs through bundles of nerve fibers called cerebral peduncles. These nerve bundles run through the midbrain connecting the forebrain and hindbrain. Cerebellum Function The cerebellum is involved in several functions including: Fine movement coordinationBalance and equilibriumMuscle toneSense of body position The cerebellum processes information from the brain and peripheral nervous system for balance and body control. Activities such as walking, hitting a ball and playing a video game all involve the cerebellum. The cerebellum helps us to have fine motor control while inhibiting involuntary movement. It coordinates and interprets sensory information in order to produce fine motor movements. It also calculates and corrects informational discrepancies in order to produce the desired movement. Cerebellum Location Directionally, the cerebellum is situated at the base of the skull, above the brainstem and beneath the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex. Cerebellum Damage Damage to the cerebellum may result in difficulty with motor control. Individuals may have problems maintaining balance, tremors, lack of muscle tone, speech difficulties, lack of control over eye movement, difficulty in standing upright, and an inability to perform accurate movements. The cerebellum may become damaged due to a number of factors. Toxins including alcohol, drugs, or heavy metals can cause damage to nerves in the cerebellum that lead to a condition called ataxia. Ataxia involves the loss of muscle control or coordination of movement. Damage to the cerebellum may also occur as a result of stroke, head injury, cancer, cerebral palsy, viral infection, or nervous system degenerative diseases. Divisions of the Brain: Hindbrain The cerebellum is included in the division of the brain called the hindbrain. The hindbrain is divided into two subregions called the metencephalon and myelencephalon. The cerebellum and pons are located in the upper region of the hindbrain known as the metencephalon. Sagittally, the pons is anterior to the cerebellum and relays sensory information between the cerebrum and cerebellum.

Ebola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ebola - Essay Example Such an observation allows the authors to focus on the magnitude of risks associated with the eventual adoption of the measures that may be suggested to mitigate the possibilities of an outbreak in the region. The authors proceed to further mention of the cases that have been diagnosed within the American soil. The preparedness of the city is further weighed against that of regions such as texas, which have already registered possible outbreaks of the disease. The authors are keen to outline that the prospective address of the disease from findings its way to the communities in New York remains best considered under the description of collective efforts. In an effort that remains related towards the harmonization of the medical facilities in the city, the authors seek to consolidate the respective outfits of healthcare that are related to the city and harmonize them towards developing a steady outfit that aims at addressing the virus. In that effect, the authors propose the possible avenues upon which the detection and subsequent control of an outbreak may be considered. Their work does not place into consideration the possible effects that may be related to animals vectors. The focus is oriented on the human patients that traffic into New York from the various infected areas. Such allows for the description of their proposals as being narrowed on the control of human to human transmissions. Additionally, the prospective process of EVD detection has been mentioned intensely in their work. It is further argued that the adoption of a functional detection systems remains the ideal path upon which the address of the ailment is considered. The authors proceed to make references to experiences registered in the address of the disease in other regions. Their attention is oriented on the plight of eighty-eight patients that were being screened of the disease, with the aim of gathering the required experience

Surreal (subject is hair and make up) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Surreal (subject is hair and make up) - Essay Example This unorthodox artistic style is applied to a perception of how hair trends may be in the future, but the distortion and exaggeration incorporated into the hair style is an attempt to drive the viewer beyond what is traditional and familiar. The viewer’s sentiment may range anywhere from surprise or delight, to perplexity and even confusion, and in the extreme even a strong dislike or disgust. This type of artistic style is disturbing to many, and not a few will decide that they find it unacceptable and for being vulgar and boorish. Many famous artists are not appreciated during their lifetimes; their creations are mocked and derided, and this is not difficult to imagine in the case of Modigliani and other avant-garde artists. People could not understand the artist’s vision and his concept of reality, at least during his lifetime, because contemporaries are exposed to the same environment, and being exposed to the same context, the normal expectation is to perceive things in the same context. However, a good artist is ahead of his time, and he sees things beyond the context of his contemporaries. In most cases, visionary art is ignored during the artist’s lifetime, but appreciated by succeeding generations, so it is only after the artist’s death and when many of his works have been destroyed, lost or scattered, that the pieces of art become valued, even priceless. It is thus a pity that while the artist lives, his philosophy conveyed through his art and lifestyle are lost to oblivion, only to resurface later on and accorded the value it truly deserves. It is this timeless element of Modigliani’s distortion and exaggeration that I wish to capture and translate to a fashion statement for the future. The distortion and exaggeration works to enhance that element in the artist’s vision that escapes and is lost to the everyday observer, and the emphasis is to draw the ordinary person’s

The Techniques For Requirement Elicitation Information Technology Essay

The Techniques For Requirement Elicitation Information Technology Essay By analyzing these processes it will give an understanding up to a level enough that this document can act as an easy to read and simple enough reference document for students who wants to 1.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Background As we know that the requirement elicitation is an ongoing problem area which may cause to the failure of the produce system. There are many problems i.e. problems in the system scope, many other problems are still present in the development of the system, which may cause to the failure of the system or leads to high maintenance cost of the system [1]. In the requirement elicitation there are many people evolve and have different perception about the system. From many years requirement elicitation is a research focus area and researchers have developed many techniques. As Zarinah M.K and Siti Salwah S mentioned in their paper Eliciting requirements should be carried out in a form, which encourages participation of all the stakeholders[1]. In this paper they focus on the participation of all the stakeholders during requirements gathering. For this purpose, to follow the requirement elicitation process, techniques and shared document with all the participation. Ann M. Hickey and Alan M. Davis mentioned in their paper that software development consists of many knowledge-intensive processes. One of the most difficult to model, however, is requirement elicitation[5]. In their paper they present a mathematical model of requirement elicitation process[5] which explains critical knowledge and how to select the best requirement elicitation technique. Their work in this area shows that the requirement elicitation is a very critical process in the software development process. Many models and frameworks are introduced by the researchers for good and correct requirements gathering. Some problems are on the user side because some time the user cant explain the scope of the system. So for this purpose most researchers focus on the requirement elicitation techniques which help the user to understand the system scope. Software industry is a very huge market and in todays world our lives are so influenced with software products that we are highly dependent on them from paying or bills, buying food, bank transactions, traveling,   businesses to communicate world wide, research, mobile phones etc.   But along the way what we dont see is that a lot of software products are failing today, many software companies are getting bankrupt and most softwares are breathing their last breaths as they will soon be replaced with a much better softwares well designed, less bugs, more features and efficient enough. One can ask a question why are softwares failing and why are companies getting bankrupt due to a software that is no more needed in the market.   The answer can be very complicated and long but to summarize it, its lack of acquiring proper requirements before starting to write the actual code, failing to understand the current and future trends of the software to be built, lack of understanding the market and opportunities and finally choosing the right technologies to implement the software product. In order to understand all these gray areas before writing the software product one needs to adapt and follow some processes, by doing so a set of valuable knowledge will be gained that can help the software to be following the current trend and survive in the market for much longer period. These processes includes a) Brainstorming b) interviewing c) Surveys d) Prototyping e) Focus Group f) Workshops g) Observation 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research Methodology Our work in this area is to analyze the requirement elicitation techniques, based on this we   will be able to explore these different techniques and see how can it benefit us in different areas. For this purpose we studied the related research work and requirement elicitation books, and in listed some of the techniques that can be used for requirement gathering process. For the analysis we already studied the related research work to understand these techniques. During this process we will highlight the psros and cons of these different techniques, which can help different targeted audience such as students, start up organizations and other software professionals. In the process of methodology we got an opportunity to meet with different software professional and got some valuable feedback that could help us understand how important all these processes are and what are possible implications and drawbacks if there are any. Finally after defining all the techniques with their Pros and Cons, it will clearly specify the importance of each technique and weather it is possible to skip some of them during the requirement gathering process. And also the implications of skipping any of these well   known techniques. 3   Ã‚  Brief Introduction to requirement elicitation techniques. 3.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brainstorming: Brainstorming is the name given to a situation when a group of people meet to generate new ideas around a specific area of interest[6].In Brainstorming Technique may be involve one person or group of people.They set to gather and discuss the requirements and new ideas of the system. It is a special technique which help you to think about various answers and questions. Advantages Of Brainstorming: Brainstorming technique is low cost. The group which involve in this technique, not need to be high qualified. It is very easy technique to understand. It help you to create new ideas and get answers of old question. It provide widespread involvement throughout the group. Brainstorming does not need more resources. Disadvantages Of Brainstorming: If the group is not properly organised, it can take more time. One cant describe his opinion in front of group. Due to go into the detail that something does not use. Some people afraid to talk with leadership. Not good for large group which may cause that some people say at the same time. There are repeat of opinions, if the people doesnt give attention[7]. 3.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  interviewing Interviews are in-person meetings where the business analyst asks questions to get information from the stakeholder[8]. Advantages Of Interviewing: Good for complex topic The interviewer can deeply understand the interviewee views. In interview high response rate are produced. Disadvantages Of Interviewing: Inconsistent   interviewer may effect the data. This technique is time consuming. There are small people involved. The interviewer may ask closed questions [9]. 3.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surveys In survey technique all the information of a system may gathered anonymously. In survey all the general aspects of the software are asked to answer. Advantages: Survey is good for a large respondent. In survey large of information may be collected. This is a standardised technique which free from all types of errors. This technique is cheaper. Disadvantages: This technique focus on subject, motivation etc its not easy to understand the reason. 3.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prototyping In this technique minimum version of softwares are written with few functionalities than the actual product in itself. It only simulates few modules/features of the final solution. Advantages: Software designers and implementers can get valuable feedback from the customers. it can allow the software engineers to know and verify the internal complexities of the system. Early detection of faults in design. Early detection of performance bottle neck in the application. Customers can verify the implementation and technology. Disadvantages: Excessive development time to develop the prototype. Large investment of resources to complete this. Unclear objectives can be confused by the developers. Insufficient analysis. 3.5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Focus Group Focus group is a group which raise some issues and questions about the software and ask them from the system users. Advantages: It can help generate a lot of good ideas and opinions. group discussion can help find weaknesses in the early stage of design and architecture. group discussions can generate finest solutions. Disadvantage: it can lead to disagreement and arguments. discussions can last for very long hours and several days without any conclusion. 3.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Workshops Workshops is the technique to share different ideas about different technologies by doing presentation and meeting between people from different backgrounds. Collecting valuable feedback and suggestions and business opportunities. Advantages: Expanding social network among people from same background. Exchanging and sharing up to date knowledge. Exploring new business opportunities. Attracting investments for the business. Making new customers. Disadvantages: It involves travelling to other countries. It consumes week of business time. It demands a lot of preparation and time. 3.7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Observation By observation we means to look the requirements for the   developing system with full concentration[3]. Advantages of observation It provides varieties to the stockholders[a]. It provides us the detail information about the developing system[z] How the user will interact with the system, so it give this type of results in advance. Disadvantages of the observation The requirements may not be up to dated. This requirements always evolve and need revisions. some requirements may not be implementable and needs to be up to the facts and possibilities. 4 Results Brief analysis of the mentioned techniques with explained advantages and disadvantages we can summarize our result in following way. As in todays industry majority of softwares are trying to compete or survive against other softwares that seems to be producing much better than their previous predecessors. This improvement in softwares is the result of acquiring/collecting appropriate knowledge through the processes/techniques that we have mentioned including others. Hence it is difficult to say which one is better than the other or which one can we skip because the more information we can collect the more knowledge we will have about market, future scope, what technologies to select, how much can it earn, for how long can a product survive and how the product can improve in coming years. Attaining all the mentioned points means that we have to go through all the techniques at one stage or another, if not earlier then definitely later at some other stage as long as the time and resour ces are enough. One of the quotation might explain it very well which is Writing system software is like planning a family, if you make a mistake you have to live with it for 20 years[10] So the more knowledge we have about what we are making and why we are writing, the less mistakes we will do. 5. Conclusions Hence in short we can conclude from our findings in this research that all software industries while planning to kick off new project/software our any new start up company about to take place. This document will act as a must have for them they would need to define these techniques and make them part of their company processes. The more the knowledge is acquired about the technology in the beginning the less mistakes they make and   more chances would be for company and software to succeed.   Also this document can help students and software developers who want to write their private applications and want them to launch in the softwares market. 6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Literature references [1]. Supporting Collaborative Requirements Elicitation Using Focus Group Discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚   Technique by Zarinah M.k and Siti Salwah S. [2]   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, VOL. 24, NO. 12, DECEMBER 1998 Requirements Elicitation and Validation with Real World Scenes Peter Haumer, Klaus Pohl, Member, IEEE, and Klaus Weidenhaupt [3] Field research method and type of observation by Throchim, B. 1999 [5]. Requirements Elicitation and Elicitation Technique Selection: A Model for Two Knowledge-Intensive Software Development Processes. By Ann M. Hickey and Alan M. Davis University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. [6 ]http://www.brainstorming.co.uk/tutorials/whatisbrainstorming.html [7]   http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_brainstorming [8] http://ezinearticles.com/?Requirements-Elicitation-Techniquesid=1901263 [9] http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_interviews [10]http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~iany/consultancy/proverbs.htm

A Life in Prague 1941-1968 Essay

Life under the Soviets was as cruel as that under the Germans. The end of German occupation signaled a new era of political tension and economic dislocation for the people of Czechoslovakia. After the Communist coup in 1948, the Czech people were once again introduced to the concept of totalitarian brutality. Many people were tortured and imprisoned by the state police for ‘subversive activities. Prison camps, almost equal in ‘splendor’ and ‘brutality’ were erected across the country. However, unlike the Nazi experience, this ‘new experience’ was never heard in the international stage. The tragedy of the Second World War became once again the scenery of Prague. However, much of the chapter’s content (pp. 93-143) seemed to focus on the hardships of the author. Kovaly seemed to have been frustrated with her role both as a woman and citizen. At times, she complained on the government’s lack of political will to guarantee the equality of women and men. Kovaly lived the life of a wealthy woman. She bought luxurious items, attempted to create a foundation (for children), and sought the support of top officials for financing her projects. Because she was the wife of a deputy minister, she was expected to participate in minor political meetings, and to become a role model to other women. Rudolf’s arrest turned her world upside down. Although an ardent Communist, his husband was suspected to be an ally of the West. Kovaly asked help from Ludvik Frejka, the head of the Economic Commission. Frejka, however, refused to help her. After a few weeks, Frejka was arrested and executed along with Kovaly’s husband. Kovaly languished in pain. She cursed the system for its anti-Semitic orientation. She wanted to denounce the brutality of the Soviet-led government, but had little power to demonstrate it. Her husband’s execution was portrayed as the continuation of German tyranny (under the guise of a Communist Party). She persistently argued that ‘being a loyal Communist does not guarantee safety, if you are a Jew, practicing or not. ’ It can be argued that Kovaly’s pessimistic attitude against the Soviet-led regime was borne out of hatred and repulsion. The Communists had driven the Germans but failed to instill the principles of equality and humanity into the hearts of the anti-Semitic population of Prague. In this chapter, Kovaly explained the consequences of Communist rule of Czechoslovakia. She argued that the Communist occupation did not free the Czech people from slavery. It was an instrument in the creation of a new political and economic form of slavery – slavery which is disguised by the principles of economic equality and political tolerance. She argued that while the war brought national shame and indignation to the country, the Communist occupation brought deprivation and perpetual fear to the common people. According to Kovaly, the cessation of freedom for the sake of necessity, economic equality, Party disciple, and even for the ‘false’ glory of the country, would only lead to the eventual demise of individual truths – truths which make individuals happy and content. Kovaly’s assertions are supported by many historians. For Toynbee, the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia signaled the end of freedom and individual merit. Toynbee argued that the real goal of Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia was the eventual isolation of Western democracy. The country served as a bait for the Western powers to relinquished their claim of democracy in the East, particularly Czechoslovakia. For Ozment, the Soviet occupation of the country was necessary because Czechoslovakia served as the basement of German military power during the early 1940s. Czech support for Germany proved to be decisive and convincing. Hence, according to Ozment, the brutality of the Soviet occupation was a testimony to ‘revenge’ and ‘destruction’ of political freedom.

Whats a Good TOEIC Speaking and Writing Score

Robert K. Merton (1910-2003) - Sociologist Profile

Best known for developing theories of deviance,  as well as the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and role model, Robert K. Merton is considered one of Americas most influential social scientists.  Robert K. Merton was born July 4, 1910 and died February 23, 2003. Early Life and Education Robert K. Merton was born Meyer R. Schkolnick in Philadelphia into a working class Eastern European Jewish Immigrant family. He changed his name at the age of 14 to Robert Merton, which evolved out of a teenage career as an amateur magician as he blended the names of famous magicians. Merton attended Temple College for undergraduate work and Harvard for graduate work, studying sociology at both and earning his doctorate degree in 1936. Career and Later Life Merton taught at Harvard until 1938 when he became professor and chairman of the Department of Sociology at Tulane University. In 1941 he joined the Columbia University faculty where he was named to the Universitys highest academic rank, University Professor, in 1974. In 1979 Merton retired from the University and became an adjunct faculty member at Rockefeller University and was also the first Foundation Scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation. He retired from teaching altogether in 1984. Merton received many awards and honors for his research. He was one of the first sociologists elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the first American sociologists to be elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1994, he was awarded the National Medal of Science for his contributions to the field and for having founding the sociology of science. He was the first sociologist to receive the award. Throughout his career, more than 20 universities awarded him honorary degrees, including Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and Chicago as well as several universities abroad. He is also credited as the creator of the focus group research method. Merton was very passionate about the sociology of science and was interested in the interactions and importance between social and cultural structures and science. He carried out extensive research in the field, developing the Merton Thesis, which explained some of the causes of the Scientific Revolution. His other contributions to the field deeply shaped and helped developed fields such as the study of bureaucracy, deviance, communications, social psychology, social stratification, and social structure. Merton was also one of the pioneers of modern policy research, studying things such as housing projects, the use of social research by the ATT Corporation, and medical education. Among the notable concepts that Merton developed are unintended consequences, the reference group, role strain, manifest function,  role model, and self-fulfilling prophecy. Major Publications Social Theory and Social Structure (1949)The Sociology of Science (1973)Sociological Ambivalence (1976)On The Shoulders of Giants: A Shandean Postscript (1985)On Social Structure and Science References Calhoun, C. (2003). Robert K. Merton Remembered. http://www.asanet.org/footnotes/mar03/indextwo.html Johnson, A. (1995). The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.